The Basics of Chemistry

The Basics of Chemistry Richard Myers. Basics of the Hard Sciences Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003. 373 pp.

Encompasses many different topics in and approaches to introductory chemistry. Discusses broad areas of chemistry including organic chemistry, biochemistry, environmental chemistry, and industrial chemistry. Historical developments of chemical concepts are covered, and biographical information is provided on key individuals responsible for the development of modern chemistry.

Front Cover
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Other Frontmatter
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Chemistry and Its Divisions
- Introduction
- The Scientific Enterprise
- What Is Chemistry?
- Divisions of Chemistry
A Brief History of Chemistry
- Introduction
- Early History
- Greek Science
- Alchemy
- Chemistry in the Middle Ages
The Birth of Modern Chemistry
- Introduction
- The Beginnings of Modern Chemistry
- The Phlogiston Theory
- Pneumatic Chemistry
- Lavoisier
The Atom
- Introduction
- The Law of Definite Proportions
- Dalton and the Birth of the Atomic Theory
- Gay-Lussac and Avogadro's Hypothesis
- The Divisible Atom
- Atomic Structure
- Quantum Mechanics
- A Modern View of the Atom
- Atomic Mass, Atomic Numbers, and Isotopes
- Ions
- Summary
Atoms Combined
- Introduction
- Mixtures, Compounds, and Molecules
- Naming Elements
- Naming Compounds
- Writing Chemical Formulas
- Chemical Reactions
- Types of Reactions
- From Molecules to Moles
Elements and the Periodic Table
- Introduction
- Discovery of the Elements
- The Modern Periodic Table
- The Main Group Elements
- d and f Block Elements
- Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals
- Periodic Problems
- Summary
Chemical Bonding
- Introduction and History
- Dot Formulas, the Octet Rule, and Ionic Bonds
- Covalent Bonds
- Electronegativity and the Polar Covalent Bond
- Polar Molecules and Hydrogen Bonds
- Bond Energies
- The Metallic Bond
- Bonding and Molecular Geometry
- Modern Bonding Theory
Intermolecular Forces and the Solid and Liquid States
- Introduction
- Characteristics of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
- Intermolecular Forces
- Crystalline Solids
- Amorphous Solids
- Liquids
- Material Science
Gases
- Introduction
- Pressure
- The Gas Laws
- The Ideal Gas Law
- Partial Pressure and Vapor Pressure
- Applications of the Gas Laws
Phase Changes and Thermochemistry
- Introduction
- Changes of State
- Energy and Phase Changes
- Heating Curves
- Calorimetry
- Heat of Reaction
- Applications of Heat of Reactions
Solutions
- Introduction
- The Solution Process
- Electrolytes
- Concentration of Solutions
- Solubility of Gases
- Colligative Properties
- Reactions of Solutions
- Colloids and Suspensions
Kinetics and Equilibrium
- Introduction
- Reaction Rates
- The Collision Theory
- Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
- Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
- Chemical Equilibrium
- Le Châtelier's Principle
- The Equilibrium Constant
- Ammonia and the Haber Process
Acids and Bases
- Introduction and History
- Chemical Definitions of Acids and Bases
- Strengths of Acids and Bases
- Acid Concentration
- pH and pOH
- Neutralization Reactions
- Buffers
- Summary
Electrochemistry
- Introduction
- History
- Oxidation and Reduction
- Oxidation Numbers
- Electrochemical Cells
- Electrolysis
- Batteries
- Corrosion
- Electroplating
- Commercial Applications and Electrorefining
- Summary
Organic Chemistry
- Introduction and History
- Organic Compounds
- Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
- Aromatic Hydrocarbons—Benzene
- Functional Groups and Organic Families
- Petroleum
- Organic Products
- Summary
Biochemistry
- Introduction
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
- Biotechnology
Nuclear Chemistry
- Introduction
- Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity
- Radioactive Decay and Nuclear Reactions
- Half-Life and Radiometric Dating
- Nuclear Binding Energy—Fission and Fusion
- Fusion and Stellar Evolution
- Transmutation
- Nuclear Medicine
- Radiation Units and Detection
- Biological Effects of Radiation
- Summary
Environmental Chemistry
- Introduction
- Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
- Acid Rain
- The Greenhouse Effect
- Water Quality
- Air Pollution
- Pesticides
- Summary
The Chemical Industry
- Introduction
- Acids and Alkalis
- Explosives
- Synthetic Dyes
- Synthetic Fibers and Plastics
- Synthetic Rubber
- Petrochemicals
- Industry Histories
- Summary
Chemistry Experiments
- Introduction
- The Scientific Method
- Chemistry Experimentation
- Chemical Activities
A Future in Chemistry
- Introduction
- Chemist's Job Description and Training
- Careers in Chemistry
- Professional Development and the American Chemical Society
Glossary
Brief Timeline of Chemistry
Nobel Laureates in Chemistry
Table of the Elements
Selected Bibliography
Author Index
Subject Index
About the Author

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